Emanuel Leplin

Emanuel Leplin (October 3, 1917; San Francisco, California – December 1, 1972; Martinez, California) was a composer, conductor, and painter active mainly in the second half of the 20th century. He was born in San Francisco, and associated the San Francisco Symphony as a violist in 1941, conducting it in two of his own works, in 1941 and 1947. In 1954, he established polio, and afterward, was unable to hold a brush or compose using anything below his neck but the first three fingers of his right hand. With these fingers he composed three symphonies, a violin concerto, and many further works for orchestra and chamber groups.^{[circular reference]}